TIME AND HEALTH ARE TWO PRECIOUS ASSETS THAT WE DONT
RECOGNISE AND APPRECIATE UNTIL THEY HAVE BEEN DEPLEATED

Alzheimer's Disease

SYMPTOMS

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The symptoms of the disease can be mild in the beginning but can get severe over a period of time. It’s unlikely that two people with this disease experience exactly the same symptoms but there are some common indicators that may be experienced by all. Initial symptoms of the disease will include:
- Memory lapses
- Losing everyday items such as keys, eye glasses
- Forgetting common words in a conversation
- Losing way on familiar paths
- Forgetting conversations
The symptoms can get severe over a period of time and will begin interfering with the everyday life of the patient. They can get difficulties with the following: Language: Patients may repeat multiple times what they have already said and may fail to follow conversations Orientation: They may lose track of the time or day. Visuospatial: The patients may fail to understand space with respect to time. This can make climbing stairs or parking vehicles difficult. As the disease progresses and develops into a progressed case of Alzheimer’s, the patient may experience the following: Hallucinations: The patient can begin seeing and hearing things which do not exist. Unawareness of surroundings: The patient can become withdrawn and much less aware of what’s happening around them. Difficulty in everyday tasks: The patient will face difficulties in walking or eating on his own. Their increasing frailty will call for more support from others.

TREATMENT

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Drug treatment:- There are no drugs available that can modify the Alzheimer’s disease, but some of them can definitely reduce the symptoms and improve the quality of life. Cholinesterase inhibitors approved for the symptomatic relief in the U.S. are Donepezil (Aricept), Rivastigmine (Exelon) and Tacrine (Cognex). Another drug used is memantine (Namenda), which is an NMDA receptor antagonist that can be used alone or in combination with a cholinesterase inhibitor. Other therapy:- The need for quality of life care becomes more important as the person become less able to live independently.

Anaemia

SYMPTOMS

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Sometimes the signs and symptoms of anaemia are so mild that it goes unnoticeable. When the blood cell decreases symptoms often develop. According to the types of anaemia, there are different types of symptoms
Dizziness
Lightheadedness or feeling that you might faint any moment.
Fast or unusual heartbeat
Headache
Pain in your bones, chest, belly, and joints
Problems with growth, for children and teens
Shortness of breath
Skin that’s pale or yellow
Cold hands and feet
Tiredness or weakness and feeling low

TREATMENT

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Different anaemia has different treatments.
Iron deficiency anaemia can be treated by taking iron supplementation prescribed by the doctor.
Thalassemia and aplastic type of anaemia can be treated by blood transfusions or bone marrow transplants.
Anaemia is caused due to the chronic disease than it's up to doctors who observe underlying.
Vitamin deficiency anaemia is treated by taking Vitamin B-12 shots.
Sickle cell anaemia can be treated by taking medications prescribed according to the doctor and also involves oxygen therapy.
Hemolytic anaemia can be treated by intake of immunosuppressant drugs, treatments for infections, and plasmapheresis, which filters the blood.

Appendicitis

SYMPTOMS

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- Pain in lower right side of abdomen (may be followed by vomiting)
- Swelling in abdomen
- Fever
- Difficulty passing gas
- Appetite loss
- Constipation
- Cramps

TREATMENT

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In the case of hyperopia, the doctors may prescribe lenses to improve the near vision. The lenses decrease the curvature of the cornea that enables the patient to see better. You can either choose to wear eyeglasses or contact lenses depending upon your preference.
Refractive surgery can also be performed to treat mild to moderate farsightedness. The surgery corrects the problem of farsightedness by reshaping the curvature of the cornea.
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis or LASIK is also an alternative to treat the problem of hyperopia. Recovery from LASIK surgery is more rapid.
Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) is another method to correct the problem of farsightedness.

Arthritis

SYMPTOMS

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TREATMENT

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Medication:
Painkillers: These will be prescribed to reduce pain but have no effect on inflammation.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:
These are prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
Counterirritants:
Rubbing such creams or gels on the area of discomfort can provide temporary relief as they interrupt the transmissions of pain signals to the brain.
Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs:
These medicines stop the immune system from attacking the joints. This is prescribed in case of rheumatoid arthritis.
Biological response modifier:
These are genetically engineered drugs used in conjunction with DMARDs (Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs)to ensure that the immune system does not attack the joints.
Corticosteroids:
These reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. This may be prescribed to those with rheumatoid arthritis.
Therapy:
In order to ensure that you do not gain weight and keep building muscle to support your joints, seeking physical therapy also becomes necessary. In some cases of arthritis, certain exercises can help bring back your range of motion.
Surgery: In very extreme cases, surgery may be suggested. The kinds of surgery that you may have to go through are:
Joint repair: Sometimes, the surface of a joint can be smoothed over. This will reduce pain and increase range of motion.
Joint replacement: In this procedure, the joint is removed and replaced with an artificial one.
Joint fusion: Often used for smaller joints (like the ones in fingers), this procedure removes the ends of two bones in the joint. After which the ends are locked together so that they fuse as one singular unit.

Asperger’s Syndrome

SYMPTOMS

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Obsessive interests: A child affected with Asperger’s Syndrome is usually an expert in a particular field. It may include obsessive interest in models of different cars or bikes, trains and computers. Sometimes their obsession might seem strange to others. These interests can include obsessions for kitchen equipments and lawn mowers.
People suffering from Asperger’s Syndrome are exceptionally knowledgeable in their area of interest. This is the reason they mostly indulge in conversations that are focussed on their interests.
Difficulty in senses: People with Asperger’s Syndrome may also suffer from sensory problems. This means that they may have issues with any one of their senses like smell, sound, taste or touch. It would be either underdeveloped or stronger than usual. They may have different perceptions about loud noises, strong fragrances or smells, food textures, and bright lights.
A distinct form of speech: Asperger’s Syndrome may also cause problems with speech. There is no voice modulation, no rhythm and their tone is usually flat. Either they will speak too fast or too slow. People suffering from Asperger's may sound older than they actually are.

TREATMENT

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Treatments may include:
Behaviour and communication therapies: Behavioural and communication therapy is a must for children associated with an autism spectrum disorder.
Educational therapies: A structured program is necessary for children suffering from this disorder to develop learning skill.
Medications: There isn't any medication till now, which can help in treating autism spectrum disorder, but certain medications can help to control the symptoms. Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat behavioural problems and antidepressants can be prescribed to treat anxiety.

Asthma

SYMPTOMS

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1.Tightness in the chest
2.Shortness of breath
3.Wheezing
4.Coughing and wheezing attack
5. Coughing at night
It is important to note that any asthma symptom if left treated, may turn fatal. This is why it is important to pay attention to symptoms to get timely medical help. Asthma symptoms can appear at any age and can affect a person’s ability to participate in day-to-day activities.

TREATMENT

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1. Frequent breathlessness
2. You reach out for your inhaler a lot more often
3. Shortness of breath after doing minimal physical activity

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

SYMPTOMS

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Consumption of lead: Many recent studies have thrown light on consumption of lead and its relation with ADHD. This means consuming seafood like fish, lean meats like beef or dried foods in excess. However, this is yet to be proved and should only be taken into proper quantities. Brain injury/disorder: Damage in the frontal lobe may lead to brain disorders including ADHD. There are many studies that have confirmed the connection between brain tumours and brain injuries and the disorder.

TREATMENT

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Therapies for ADHD
Behavioural therapy
The main aim of the behavioural therapy is to the change the negative behaviour of the kid into positive. The therapy involves reward system at home. It has often proven beneficial for a lot of kids suffering from ADHD and is often used with other medications.
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
This therapy is talk therapy. The goal of the therapy is to make kids think about their feeling, thoughts and behaviour. the process helps kids develop self-esteem, which is usually affected in kids with ADHD.
CBT is effective in treating ADHD, depression and anxiety, which happen in 50 per cent of kids suffering from ADHD.
Non-medical treatment for ADHD
These treatments include exercise, omega supplements, change in diet, mindfulness and outdoor activities.
Parents also try giving their kids OTC (over the counter) supplements and train the brain games. Though OTC supplemnets are not regulated by the law.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article should not be considered as a substitute for a physician's advice. Please consult your treating physician for more details.

Cancer

SYMPTOMS

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The sign and symptoms of cancer vary depending on its type and the body part affected by it.
But few common symptoms associated with cancer are:
-Fatigue
-Lump or thickening of the area under the skin
-Unexplained weight loss
-Change in skin color- yellowing, darkening or redness of the skin or changes to existing moles
-Changes in bowel or bladder habits
-Discomfort after eating and indigestion
-Unexplained muscle or joint pain
-Unexplained bleeding or bruising

TREATMENT

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Chikungunya

SYMPTOMS

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Typically, chikungunya will begin with an abrupt fever which is accompanied by pain in joints.
These mosquitoes usually bite during the daytime and late afternoon and are found to be more active outdoors. The most common species of mosquitoes carrying this virus are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and they breed in human habitations. While this illness is rarely fatal, it can make it difficult for the patients to even walk properly due to tremendous pain.
While, as of now, there is no identified cure for this crippling disease, the course of treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like fever and pain in the joints.

TREATMENT

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1. Take plenty of rest 2. Drink fluids to prevent dehydration 3. Take medicines to reduce fever and pain, only after consulting your doctor 4. Avoid further exposure to mosquitoes DISCLAIMER: THIS ARTICLE DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE The information contained in this article is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this article.

COVID-19 (Novel coronavirus)

SYMPTOMS

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caugh and Fever

TREATMENT

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1.Taking pain-relieving medications
2.Cough syrup
3.Drinking plenty of liquids
4.Resting
According to WHO, some of the immediate implementation of appropriate IPC measures include:
1. Give suspect patient a medical mask and send direct patient to a separate area or an isolated room.
2. Instruct all patients to cover nose and mouth during coughing or sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow for other.
3. Perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions.
4. When providing care in close contact with a patient with respiratory symptoms (e.g. coughing or sneezing), use eye protection (face-mask or goggles), because sprays of secretions may occur.
5. Limit patient movement within the institution and ensure that patients wear medical masks when outside their rooms.
6. Droplet and contact precautions prevent direct or indirect transmission from contact with contaminated surfaces or equipment (i.e. contact with contaminated oxygen tubing/interfaces).
7. Use PPE (medical mask, eye protection, gloves and gown) when entering room and remove PPE when leaving.

Dengue

SYMPTOMS

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The rare case when Dengue develops into a life threatening disease is referred to as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever or Dengue Shock Syndrome. The former is characterized by Haemorrhage (severe bleeding), blood plasma leakage, and an exceptionally low platelet count. While, the latter occurs due to dangerously low blood pressure, which may lead to a circulatory collapse (shock).
In many cases, especially in children there might be no symptoms or signs during a mild case of dengue fever. Sometimes when symptoms are mild and are mistaken for flu, it makes the case worse.
The rare case when Dengue develops into a life threatening disease is referred to as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever or Dengue Shock Syndrome. The former is characterized by Haemorrhage (severe bleeding), blood plasma leakage, and an exceptionally low platelet count. While, the latter occurs due to dangerously low blood pressure, which may lead to a circulatory collapse (shock).

TREATMENT

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While it is possible to detect the stage of Dengue infection at an early stage, there is no specific medicine to treat it. As per doctors, the only practical measures to treat Dengue is to use pain relievers, as suggested by your doctor. Drinking plenty of fluids and immunity boosting supplements can also help recharge the body. Taking enough rest also helps the body recover faster.

Ebola Virus

SYMPTOMS

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The symptoms develop after 8-10 days of exposure. However, symptoms can appear as early as two days and even take three weeks to develop. Some of the common symptoms include:
Diarrhoea
Fever
Headache
Vomiting
Stomach pain
Inexplicable bleeding and /or bruising
Muscle plain

TREATMENT

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At this time, there is no cure or vaccine for the Ebola virus. Instead, steps are taken to ensure that the individual is as comfortable as possible. The following are examples of supportive care measures:
Medications to keep blood pressure in check
Balancing electrolyte levels of the body
Extra oxygen, if needed, intravenous and/or oral fluids to prevent dehydration, and treatment of coexisting infections

HIV-AIDS

SYMPTOMS

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1. Acute infection This phase includes the influenza-like symptoms which develop within two to six weeks of contracting the HIV infection. These symptoms occur in every four to nine cases out of ten. The symptoms of this phase include the following:
1. Fever
2. Chills
3. Muscle aches
4. Soreness in throat
5. Swollen lymph nodes
6. Pain in joints
7. Night sweats
8. Fatigue, weakness and tiredness
9. Weight loss
10. Rashes on the trunk which may or may not occur
11. Vomiting may or may not occur
12. Diarrhoea may or may not occur
Some other symptoms of this phase include the following: 1. Diarrhoea
2. Blurred vision
3. Fever of above 100-degree Fahrenheit
4. Dry cough
5. White spots in the mouth and on the tongue
6. Weight loss
7. Night sweats
8. Breathlessness
9. Fatigue and tiredness
10. Swollen lymph nodes

TREATMENT

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The classes of HIV/AIDS drugs include: Non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs): This drug turns off the protein needed by HIV to multiply. Examples of the drug includes efavirenz (sustiva), etravirine (intelence) and nevirapine (viramune). Nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs): These are faulty versions of the of building blocks that HIV needs to make copies of itself. Examples of the drug includes Abacavir (Ziagen) and the combination drugs emtricitabine/tenofovir (Truvada), Descovy (tenofovir alafelnamide/emtricitabine) and lamivudine- zidovudine (combivir). Protease inhibitors (Pls): This is inactive HIV protease, which is another protein that HIV needs to make copies of itself. Examples include atazanavir (Reyataz), darunavir (Prezista), fosamprenavir (lexiva) and indinavir (crixivan). Entry or fusion inhibitors: It blocks HIV entry into CD4 T cells. Examples include enfuvirtide (fuzeon) and maraviroc (selzentry). Integrase inhibitors: The drug works by disabling a protein called integrase, which HIV uses to insert its genetic material into CD4 T cells. Examples include raltegravir (lsentress) and dolutegravir (tivicay). Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article should not be considered as a substitute for a physician's advice. Please consult your treating physician for more details.

Hypertension or high blood pressure

SYMPTOMS

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There are three main categories of hypertension: pre-hypertension, hypertension stage 1 and hypertension stage 2.
- Some rare symptoms include frequent headaches, nose bleeding and short breath.
- In severe cases, hypertension may lead to vision loss, kidney failure, erectile dysfunction and loss of memory.
- Blood spots in eyes is also an uncommon symptom in people with high blood pressure or diabetes.
- Dizziness is one of the side effects of high blood pressure medication. But dizziness is not caused by high blood pressure. However sudden dizziness, loss of balance and problem in walking can be warning signs of stroke. High blood pressure is a leading risk factor for stroke.
- Many people do not seek care until the condition is very severe. This condition is known as malignant hypertension. In malignant hypertension, the diastolic blood pressure (lower number) increases up to 140 mm Hg.
- Hypertension may lead to peripheral arterial disease which causes leg pain while walking. Peripheral arterial disease is a condition in which plaque builds up in arteries and affects the blood flow in lungs due to which symptoms like numbness, aching or heaviness of legs may occur.
- Hypertension that occurs during pregnancy can be due to several reasons including being over 40 years of age, IVF or other pregnancy related issues, being overweight, inactive, having more than one baby (twins or more) in the womb, smoking and alcohol.
- If hypertension continues to be there after 20 weeks of pregnancy then problems like preeclampsia may arise. High blood pressure may lead to a premature birth of the baby and may require caesarian delivery.

TREATMENT

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If the blood pressure is slightly elevated then the doctor may suggest a few lifestyle changes.
In case of the moderate spike, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases in 10 years and to prevent this from happening the doctor may prescribe your lifestyle change along with some medications.
If blood pressure levels reach 180/120 mm Hg or above, this is called sever case. An immediate change to the type of dosage of medication may be necessary.
You should regularly visit your doctor to get your blood pressure checked. Few of the drugs prescribed during high blood pressure are as follows:
-Thiazide diuretics
-Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
-Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
-Calcium channel blockers

Jaundice

SYMPTOMS

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Jaundice occurs when the amount of bilirubin in blood shoots up beyond 2.5-3 mg/dL. This happens if the normal metabolism of excretion of bilirubin is not carried out properly. The failure can occur at three stages:
Pre-hepatic: When the problem occurs before secretion to liver. Pre-hepatic causes include malaria, thalassemia, drugs, autoimmune disorders, etc. Hepatic: When the problem occurs within the liver. Hepatic causes include Hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E, liver cancer, cirrhosis, etc. Post-hepatic: When the problem occurs after secretion from liver. Post-hepatic causes include gallstones, cancer, etc

TREATMENT

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Jaundice, much like cholera and diarrhea is a condition which develops due to pre-existing health problems. Hence, the main action plan involves treating the problem which is leading up to the excessive build-up of bilirubin virus. Once a diagnosis is made, treatment can then be directed to address that particular condition, and it may or may not require hospitalization.
The liver is well equipped to eliminate the toxins and virus from the body on its own. However, in severe cases, help is needed. To treat jaundice, doctors usually treat the underlying cause which usually are alcohol and drug abuse-related problems, liver damage or cirrhosis, gallstones or even anemia.
In some cases, medical treatment with intravenous fluids, medications, antibiotics, or blood transfusions may be required and if at all other prescribed medications are causing the problem, alternating it or discontinuing it altogether is advised.
In cases of newborns, where jaundice is common, though the disease goes away on its own, exposure to sunlight and getting Vitamin D may eliminate the condition and flush away the virus.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article should not be considered as a substitute for physician's advice. Please consult your treating physician for more details.

Leukemia

SYMPTOMS

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- Dizziness, constant fatigue: Dizziness and constant fatigue are one of the foremost symptoms of Leukemia. This is because your body’s bone marrow does not produce enough white blood cells which can severely affect your immunity. Hence, the constant feeling of dizziness and fatigue persists. Along with this, shortness of breath also occurs. Therefore, if you see yourself panting after climbing a set of stairs, it is not a good sign.
- Fever: Prolonged fever can also be a major signal of Leukemia. If you have been getting high temperature for a while along with other symptoms like dizziness, lethargy and fatigue, you may be developing Leukemia and it is time for you to see your doctor.
- Frequent infections and bruising: Frequent infections and bruising should not be confused with regular issues like cold and cough. When your body becomes prone to infections and bruising, it means that your body has lost its power to fight back and heal fast. This is a very important symptom and should not be ignored.
- Weight loss: Sudden weight loss without starting any weight loss or diet plan may be your body’s way of telling you that its immunity is being challenged. Therefore, getting yourself tested if you see a rapid weight loss should be your first choice.
- Tiny red spotting or rashes on skin: When your body is damaged by cancer, it is difficult for your body to grow healthy cells again. This means that replenishment of old cells is difficult. This leads to red spotting, rashes or sometimes even pale skin.

TREATMENT

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Treatment plans for leukemia differ from patient to patient, depending on the age, stage and spread of the disease. It needs to be handled carefully since it impacts blood functioning. The correct course of treatment also depends upon whether cancer has spread to other parts of the body, including the nervous system as well.
One of the most common treatment plans proscribed is chemotherapy to target and kill the leukemic cells. Single or combination of drugs are given which are either had as a pill or injected into the bloodstream. Targeted therapy also proves to be helpful in certain cases in attacking certain genes responsible for the cancer spread.
Radiation therapy, where X-rays are used to target and stop cancerous cells from growing back are also depended upon. Using supplements and medicines which help your immune system can also keep the body strong and alert.
In more complex procedures, stem cell transplants wherein the diseased organ (the bone marrow) is replaced with blood-forming stem cells from a healthy donor or from your own body to regrow the tissue. This, although helpful, requires certain criteria to be met.

Low blood pressure

SYMPTOMS

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The signs and symptoms of low blood pressure are as follows:
Fainting in case of syncope
Nausea
Lack of concentration
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Dizziness or lightheadedness
However, extreme hypotension can result in a life-threatening situation. The signs and symptoms of this condition includes:
Rapid pulse rate
Weakness
Feeling of confusion, which mainly occurs in elderly people
Pale skin colour
Rapid, shallow breathing
This condition requires immediate medical attention. In case you are suffering from consistent low blood pressure condition, you should definitely seek medical help. Also, you should keep a record of persistent signs and symptoms as this may help you in treatment.

TREATMENT:=

Low blood pressure condition usually presents no visible symptoms, unlike a high blood pressure problem. Hence, there is no one course of treatment is prescribed in this condition. If the patient only exhibits mild symptoms or signs, no treatment is required.
However, if symptoms are usually caused by another medication, the treatment plan involved alternating or changing the medication or even lowering the dose and observing the changes. The ultimate goal in the treatment plan is to make the blood pressure levels rise up and get the blood pumping again. There are also certain lifestyle changes you can make at home to improve your condition. Increasing your sodium content (increasing salt intake), increasing water intake can also help. Eating a protein-rich and low carb diet which fights signs of dizziness can also help.
In more severe cases, doctors prescribe the use of certain medications which improves blood volume and contracts blood vessels, improving blood pressure.

LUNG CANCER

SYMPTOMS

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Consistent cough
Coughing which lasts more than two weeks is an indication of something serious. Consistent coughing which gets worse at night must be reported to the doctor immediately.
Blood in cough
Coughing along with blood is a sure shot way to know that something is wrong inside your body. Even a small amount of blood must be taken seriously. If you are coughing for a few days, getting blood in it and experiencing the below given symptoms, then you must get yourself checked on priority.
Shortness of breath
Uneasy feeling while breathing or struggling to catch your breath without doing any physical exercise is a symptom of lung cancer. The problem is likely to intensify at night and might also erupt any time during the day without much physical exertion.
Unexplained weight loss
Losing weight without trying is probably one of the first symptoms which indicate problems with your body. If you are shedding pounds, without heavy exercise or dieting, then you must get alert. If weight loss is accompanied by the given symptoms, then you must get your lungs scanned.
Chest pain
Another symptom of lung cancer is chest pain. This symptom is often accompanied by breathlessness. Pain while breathing or constant pain during the day is a symptom of lung cancer as well.
Chest congestion
This problem will probably intensify in the winter season and might make it really uncomfortable for you to breathe. Any kind of hoarseness while breathing, or congestion in the chest which doesn’t go away with usual medication is a sign of something worse.
Bone pain
Body pain which is more specifically related to bones might also occur in lung cancer patients. Any kind of unexplained bone pain, which is persistent and painful, must be immediately reported to the doctor.
If you experience a combination of the above given symptoms, then it is highly recommended that you consult your doctor. Chest scan and other body tests must be done in time to detect lung cancer at an early stage.

TREATMENT

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Chemotherapy- The most common method of treating cancer patients is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy refers to the administration of drugs that stop the growth of cancer cells by killing them or preventing them from dividing. Though the process is long and painful, it is quite effective in treating patients who are at the starting or middle stage of lung cancer.
Radiation- Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells. This method is specifically used to target organ specific cancer and eliminate the cluster of cancer cells.

Malaria

SYMPTOMS

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Symptoms of malaria can take around seven to 18 days to appear after the mosquito bites. This duration depends upon the type of Plasmodium parasite that has infected the person. In case of Plasmodium vivax infection, the symptoms may take more time to show up. But you will be shocked to know that sometimes, it can take up to one year for the symptoms to appear.
In some types, the fever occurs in the cycle of 24 to 48 hours. When this happens, you have high fever followed by chills, sweating and fatigue. These symptoms may last up to 6 hours.
The initial symptoms of malaria are flu-like and that is why it is confused with flu. Some initial symptoms are:
- High fever
- Chills
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Sweat The most severe type of malaria which is caused by Plasmodium falciparum can lead to life-threatening conditions like organ failure.

TREATMENT

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1. Artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs)
ACTs are the first line of treatment for malaria. There are different types of ACTs, examples include artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine. Each ACT is a combination of two or more drugs that work as an antimalarial drug.
2. Chloroquine phosphate
Chloroquine is used for treatment when there a parasite that is sensitive to the drug. In most parts of the world the malaria causing parasite are resistance to chloroquine. Thus, the drug is no longer an effective treatment.
Other common antimalarial drugs are:
- Combination of proguanil and atovaquone
- Doxycyline (monodox, vibramycin) with Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin)
- Mefloquine
- Primaquine phosphate
New antimalarial drugs are being researched and developed. There is a constant struggle between the evolving drug-resistant parasites and the search for new drugs. One malaria parasite has shown resistance to all the available antimalarial drugs.

Measles

SYMPTOMS

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The symptoms of this disease mostly appear 10 to 14 days after the person has been exposed to the virus. The symptoms of this disease include:
Cough
Fever
Runny nose
Red eyes
Sore throat
White spots inside the mouth
Rashes
The largely spread skin rash is the main sign of measles, which can last up to 7 days. These rashes generally start to show on the head and then spread to other body parts.
The different stages of the disease include:
Incubation period: The first 10 to 14 days after one has been infected by the virus is the incubation period. There is no sign and symptom of the disease.
Mild measles: Measles usually starts with a mild to moderate fever, which is often followed by a persistent cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, and a sore throat. This mild infection lasts for two or three days.
Rash: One gets rashes on the face first and then moves on to other body parts. Rashes are small red spots that are slightly raised. The skin appears blotchy red due to clusters of spots and bumps. The rashes then spread to the arms and feet and the temperature of the body also rises. The rash fades slowly from the body

TREATMENT

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There is no specific treatment for measles. One can manage the symptoms as antibiotics do not work on viral infections, unlike bacterial infections.
Though there are interventions available for people who are infected by this virus. So that they get fewer infections and severity also lessens.
A vaccine for measles is given within 72 hours of getting exposed.
Taking of the dose, an immune protein named immunoglobulin that is to be taken within six days of the exposure.
It is important to consult a doctor who would guide you with proper medication and precautions that have to be taken.
One can also take antibiotics to treat any bacterial infection like an ear infection that is caused as a complication to the virus.
You can make some changes in your lifestyle that can also ease the symptoms like:
Take rest and avoid strenuous activities
Increase your intake of fluids
Use a humidifier
Do not strain your eyes

Monkey pox

SYMPTOMS

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It could take days or even weeks after exposure before one starts to experience symptoms. Flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, headache, muscle pains, lethargy, and swollen lymph nodes, are among the early indications of monkeypox.
A rash frequently appears a few days later. The rash initially appears as unpleasant, flat, red bumps. These lumps develop into blisters that ooze pus. The entire procedure can take two to four weeks before the blisters crust over and fall off. Additionally, one might experience oral, vaginal, or anus sores.
Lesions can range in number from a few to several thousand. Lesions may combine in severe situations, causing big chunks of skin to flake off.
Monkeypox complications can include secondary infections, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, and corneal infections with subsequent vision loss.
Not all monkeypox patients have all of the symptoms. In fact, many instances in the ongoing 2022 outbreak aren't manifesting symptoms in the typical way. Only a few tumours, no enlarged lymph nodes, less feverish symptoms, and other abnormal symptoms make up this presentation. It is possible to possess it without realizing it. However, one can still infect people by extended close contact even if they don't exhibit many symptoms of the virus.

TREATMENT

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Monkeypox does not currently have an approved antiviral therapy. Although they haven't been researched as a monkeypox treatment, antiviral medications may be helpful. There are a number of investigational antivirals with effectiveness against monkeypox, however they can only be used in research studies.
There are several drugs that can be used to contain an outbreak and stop the illness from spreading. They consist of:
· Influenza vaccine (smallpox vaccine)
· Vaccinia immune globulin (VIG)
· antibiotics for viruses (in animals)
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the smallpox vaccine is roughly 85% effective at preventing the emergence of monkeypox. Your symptoms may be minor if you get the monkeypox virus after receiving the smallpox vaccine as a child.

Rabies

SYMPTOMS

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WHO estimates that close to 15 million people receive post-bite vaccination which alone prevents thousands of Rabies deaths worldwide.

TREATMENT

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Rabies shots include:
- Rabies immune globulin is a fast-acting shot that prevents virus from infecting you. The injection is given near the area where the animal bit you and as soon as possible after the bite.
- A series of rabies vaccines is given to help your body identify and fight rabies virus. This vaccination is given in your arm. The four injections are given over a course of 14 days.
Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article should not be considered as a substitute for physician's advice. Please consult your treating physician for more details.

Swine flu

SYMPTOMS:=

1. Fever: Fever can go upto 100 degree Celsius. This is because human body is not designed to be immune to the virus that swine flu brings with it. If your fever prolongs for more than 72 hours, it is advised to get tested for swine flu once.
2. Headache: Another major symptom of swine flu is if you have been infected with swine flu, you may get severe headache which may not vanish even after taking a medicine.
3. Diarrhoea: This is one symptom which separates swine flu from regular flu. If you have high fever accompanied by diarrhoea, then chances are it maybe swine flu.
4.Cough & sneezing: The most common symptom of getting swine flu as it is highly contagious. If you experience coughing and sneezing right after coming in contact with an infected person, you may be having swine flu.
5. Fatigue and body aches: Fatigue and body aches are a common way of body’s immunity being challenged. This is because we start feeling weak and we feel drained. This is an important symptom as well because we often mistake this symptom for ‘feeling under the weather’and tend to ignore it.
6. Other than this, patients have also reported respiratory symptoms like shortness of breath with some leading to respiratory support such as being on a ventilator for breath.

TREATMENT

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Some of the most commonly used medicines to treat swine flu are antiviral medications like Tamiflu and Relenza, which have strong agents which target the viral cells and eliminate them. One important precaution patients must also take during recovery is to also limit the outdoor activity, especially if you are sick or in the presence of people who are sick. One should also increase the intake of vitamins and nutrients which boosts immunity. There are also some home remedies which can prove to be helpful. Having tulsi (basil) every morning can relieve you of the symptoms. Natural flu relievers like garlic, camphor, aloe vera can also help you.

Tetanus

SYMPTOMS:=

Some common symptoms of tetanus are:
Headache
Muscle stiffness, starting in the jaw and then neck, arms and legs
Muscle spasms, especially in face muscles
Trouble Swallowing
Sweating
Fever
High Blood pressure
Change in heartbeats
Sore Throat
There are some complications that a patient might face. It includes:
Involuntary tightening of the vocal cords
Factures
Pneumonia
Difficulty in breathing
Blockage of a lung artery
Hospital-acquired infections

TREATMENT

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There is no specific cure for tetanus, it depends on the severity of the symptoms. It is treated with a variety of medications which are immediate and long-term. It typically concentrates on the complications and the symptoms.
Medical care includes:
Hospitalisation
Immediate treatment with a medicine called human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
Wound care
Antibiotics such as penicillin to kill the bacteria
Tetanus vaccinations
In some cases, a surgery called debridement is required to remove dead or infected tissue. In severe cases, the patient is put on life-support to help them breathe.

Tuberculosis

SYMPTOMS:=

- A bad cough that may last for more than three weeks
- Pain in chest
- Coughing up blood
- Fatigue and weakness
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Coughing continuously
- Shortness of breath
- Fever and chills
- Sweating during night
- Cough with progressive increase in production of mucus
- Pain while breathing and coughing
- Feeling extremely tired
Symptoms of TB may vary widely depending on which area of the body is infected. Different TB types and their symptoms are as follows:
- Someone with TB in lymph nodes may have a swollen throat.
- TB in the bones can cause aches and pain in the joints and bones.
- TB meningitis often has symptoms like severe headaches, vomiting, dislike of lights, neck stiffness and seizures.
- Spinal TB is also known as TB spondylitis or pott disease. The symptoms of pott disease depend on the stage of disease, and the affected site, but back pain is the earliest and most common symptom in this case.
- Gastrointestinal TB is also called as abdominal TB. Symptoms of abdominal TB can be abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and bleeding from the anus or rectum.

TREATMENT:=

Three treatment options are available for Latent TB:
Isoniazid (INH): This antibiotic is prescribed for 9 months.
Rifampin: This is four months course of medication.
Isoniazid and rifapentine: Both of these antibiotics are prescribed to some people suffering from latent TB.
For active TB antibiotics are prescribed for 6 to 9 months. The four common medications include:
-Ethambutol
-Isoniazid
-Pyrazinamide
-Rifampin
It is very crucial to complete the full course of drugs prescribed by the doctor. Stopping treatment too soon can allow the bacteria to become resistant to those drugs and can cause grave danger to the health.

Typhoid

SYMPTOMS:=

The symptoms of typhoid develop between 6 to 30 days of exposure to the bacteria. The main symptoms of typhoid are:
High fever with temperatures reaching 104F.
Headaches
Cough
Constipation
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
In serious cases, where the patient is left untreated, typhoid can cause the bowels to become perforated. Through this, there is a 5-62% chance that the patient would develop another abdominal internship known as peritonitis.
Some people can harbour the arterial but they are asymptomatic. In some cases, the bacteria can remain in the body even after healing from the infection. There are also a few cases of typhoid infection returning in the body. People who have been diagnosed with the infection are recommended to stay at home and quarantine themselves till they have healed completely.

TREATMENT:=

Taking a good rest and isolating yourself is very important. Maintaining good personal hygiene by regularly washing hands with soap and water.
If in case the patient is admitted to the hospital due to severe symptoms, antibiotic injections and nutrition through a drip is given to the patient. Surgery is also conducted if the patient develops certain life-threatening complications like internal bleeding. However, this is very rare. Under hospital care, patients tend to recover within three to five days.
In slight cases, the symptoms may reoccur. This is known as a relapse. In this case, you should reach out to your doctor and continue treatment.
Even after you have recovered from the infection, you may experience weeks of fatigue from the impact. It is essential to take things slow and rest.

Cholera

SYMPTOMS:=

Amongst those who show symptoms, they can begin as early as a few hours after the infection or may take as long as five days. Symptoms can be mild or can be very serious. They include:
- Diarrhoea and vomiting, often with a fishy odour
- Increased heart rate
- Loss of skin elasticity
- Skin colour may turn bluish due to excessive fluid loss
- Sunken eyes
- Wrinkled hands
- Dry mucous membranes, in the mouth, throat, nose, and eyelids
- Drop in blood pressure
- Thirst
- Muscle cramps
- Decrease in urine frequency
- Seizure or even coma, especially in kids

TREATMENT:=

The first course of treatment involved re-hydration. This is done to ensure that the body is replenished with all the nutrients and vitamins which get depleted. Increasing water intake, taking immunity-boosting supplements and having flavanoid-rich drinks help recharge the body. ORs (Oral Rehydration Salts) also fill up the body with salts and electrolytes. They can also cut down on the duration the illness strikes the body. Patients are also prescribed antibiotics to fulfill the fluid requirements and also flush out remaining toxins and germs from the body. In the case of small children, zinc treatment also shows effective results.

Dibetis

SYMPTOMS:=

Fatigue- As your cells are deprived of sugar you may feel tired.
Frequent infections and slow healing sores- Type 2 diabetes decreases your ability to heal and resist infections.
Increased thirst- The extra sugar build up in your body causes fluids to be pulled out from tissues. This may make you feel thirsty frequently.
Frequent urination- As a result of having more water, you will urinate more.
Hunger pangs- Your body is not able to convert food into energy due to lack of insulin, which carries sugar to the cells and produces energy. When we are low on energy we feel hungry more often.
Blurred vision- Just like in the case of other cells when the blood sugar level is high then fluid may be pulled out from lenses of your eyes, leading to blurry vision.
Unexplained weight loss- Despite eating more than usual, you may experience unexplained weight loss. Being unable to metabolize glucose, the body uses alternative fuels stored in muscles and fat leading to weight loss. Calories are depleted as extra glucose go out with the urine.
Darkened skin areas- People with type 2 diabetes sometimes have velvety dark patches on their skin, usually on neck and armpits. This condition is known as acanthosis nigricans and may be a sign of insulin resistance.
Type 2 diabetes may also include symptoms like leg pain and dry mouth.
Common symptoms of diabetes in women:
-Yeast infection
-Vaginal infection
-PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome)
-Depression

TREATMENT:=

Hepatitis B

SYMPTOMS:=

For the people who are infected with acute Hepatitis B virus, the symptoms stop showing within a few weeks. A small number of people infected with Hepatitis B develop a severe and life-threatening form of acute Hepatitis B which is also referred to as fulminant hepatitis. In the case of chronic Hepatitis B, the infection may not go completely even after proper treatment and medication.
Some of the signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B are:
High fever
Constant pain in stomach
Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting
Jaundice
Tiredness
Diarrhoea
Pain in the body
Pain in the joints
Weakness
Light-coloured poop
Dark-coloured urine
Constant feeling of being unwell
If you experience the above symptoms, consult your doctor as soon as possible. The physician recommends a complete physical check up. This also includes thorough liver check up and blood test. If a person is infected with chronic Hepatitis B, a biopsy test is conducted which further diagnoses the severity of the case.
A timely and proper medication can reduce the risk of HBV. During the treatment and medication process, he will give a vaccine and a shot of hepatitis B immune globulin. This is the protein which helps in boosting the immunity and fights against the virus.

TREATMENT:=

1.Treatment after exposure
If you think that you have been exposed to the Hepatitis B virus, you need to get in touch with your doctor as soon as possible. You will get an injection of hepatitis B immune globulin which will help in strengthening your immune system to ward off this disease. You may also need to get vaccinated if haven’t already received it.
2.Treatment for acute infection
An acute infection is the one which usually gets resolved within days and is shortlived. If you are suffering from an acute hepatitis B infection, your doctor may advise you to have bed rest and eat a nutritious, balanced diet to feel better.
3.Treatment for chronic infection
If you have been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, you might be prescribed antiviral medications. Interferon injections are also given to fight the infection.
Some of the antiviral medications are:
1.Tenofovir
2.Entecavir
3.Adefovir dipivoxil
The views expressed in this article should not be considered as a substitute for physician's advice. Please consult your treating physician for more details.